Settlement Geography
Rural Settlements: Definition & Characteristics
- Rural settlements: definition & characteristics
Types of Rural Settlements: Dispersed, Nucleated, Linear
- Types of rural settlements: dispersed, nucleated, linear, circular; factors influencing type
Patterns of Rural Settlements: Morphological Analysis
- Patterns of rural settlements: geometric, irregular, organic; morphological analysis
Distribution of Rural Settlements: World Patterns
- Distribution of rural settlements: world patterns; density factors
Rural Problems: Rural-Urban Migration
- Contemporary rural problems: rural-urban migration — causes & effects on village economy
Land Use Changes & Land Acquisition in Rural Areas
- Land use changes in rural areas: agricultural to non-agricultural; legal & social issues
- Land acquisition: processes, conflicts, rehabilitation & resettlement policies in India
Land Transactions: Tenancy & Absentee Landlordism
- Land transactions: tenancy, sharecropping, absentee landlordism
Theories of Origin of Towns: Childe, Pirenne, Mumford
- Theories of origin of towns: Gordon Childe — urban revolution thesis
- Henri Pirenne — trade & merchant class in town formation
- Lewis Mumford — cultural & technological factors in town origin
Urbanization in Developed Countries
- Urbanization in developed countries: process, stages, suburbanization, counter-urbanization
Urbanization in Developing Countries: Over-Urbanization & Primacy
- Urbanization in developing countries: over-urbanization, primacy, informal sector
Factors of Urban Growth & Urban Area Characteristics
- Factors of urban growth: natural increase, rural-urban migration, reclassification
- Urban area characteristics: size, density, functional complexity, heterogeneity
Structure & Functions of Urban Areas
- Structure of urban areas: CBD, zone of transition, residential zones, suburban zones
- Functions of urban areas: commercial, industrial, administrative, educational, cultural
- Concept of Urban: demographic, economic & sociological definitions
Urban, Urbanization & Urbanism: Definitions & Scope
- Urbanization: rate, level, world trends; urban transition
- Urbanism as a way of life (Wirth): characteristics of urban life
- Nature & scope of Urban Geography: themes, evolution, contemporary relevance
Census Classification of Towns in India
- Census classification of towns in India: criteria (population, density, non-agricultural workers)
Functional Classification of Cities
- Functional classification: commercial, industrial, transportation, educational, administrative towns
Smart City, Global City, Megacity, Edge City, Inclusive City
- Smart city concept: features, India’s Smart Cities Mission
- Global city: concept (Sassen), characteristics, world examples
- Megacity: definition, list & management challenges
- Edge city: concept (Garreau), characteristics, suburban growth
- Inclusive city: concept, indicators, sustainable urbanization
Urban Hierarchy: Concept & Methods of Delimitation
- Urban hierarchy: concept, methods of delimitation
Law of Primate City & Rank Size Rule
- Law of Primate City: Jefferson’s concept; measurement; examples
- Rank Size Rule: Zipf’s law; log-normal distribution; deviations
Central Place Theory: Christaller
- Central Place Theory (Christaller): hexagonal lattice, K-value, marketing, transport & administrative principles
- Central Place Theory (Losch): economic landscape; profit maximization approach; comparison with Christaller
Central Place Theory: Losch
No specific topics listed.
Internal Structure of City: CBD & Zones
- Internal structure of city: CBD, frame, zone of assimilation, discard
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
- Burgess Concentric Zone Model: zones, assumptions, criticisms
Hoyt Sector Model
- Hoyt Sector Model: sectors, assumptions, criticisms
Harris & Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model
- Harris & Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model: nuclei, assumptions, criticisms
Peri-Urban Areas & Rural-Urban Fringe
- Changing urban forms: peri-urban areas — definition, characteristics, governance challenges
- Rural-urban fringe: definition, characteristics, land use conflicts
Suburban Areas, Ring Towns & Satellite Towns
- Suburban areas: growth, commuter belts, residential segregation
- Ring towns & satellite towns: concept, planned vs. organic development
- New towns & township planning in India
Slums: Definition, Types & Causes
- Slums: definition, types, global distribution, causes of growth
Ghettoization & Gentrification
- Ghettoization: concept, causes, racial & socioeconomic ghettos
- Gentrification: process, causes, displacement of poor; examples
Urban Governance & Planning
- Urban governance: local self-government, municipal corporations, smart governance
- Urban planning: master plans, zonal regulations, urban renewal
Practical: Primate City, Rank Size Rule, Urban Growth in Odisha
- Practical: Primate City Law & Rank Size Rule calculation for India; urban growth trend graphs in Odisha; mapping major cities of Odisha using GIS
Supplementary Topics: Settlement Geography
No specific topics listed.
Social Segregation & Urban Social Area Analysis