Population Geography

Nature, Scope & Development of Population Geography

  • Nature, scope & development of population geography as a discipline
  • Relationship with other disciplines (demography, sociology, economics)

Sources: Census — Types, Procedure & Limitations

  • Sources of population data: Census — types, procedure, uses & limitations in India

Sources: NFHS, NSS & Sample Surveys

  • NFHS (National Family Health Survey): rounds, significance
  • NSS (National Sample Survey): methodology & uses
  • Sample surveys: types, design & application in population studies

Vital Statistics: CRS, Registration & Completeness

  • Vital statistics: birth registration, death registration, CRS; completeness & coverage

Data Reliability: Errors in Census & Registration

  • Data reliability: errors in census (under-enumeration, age misreporting, sex ratio distortion)

Demographic Balancing Equation

  • Demographic Balancing Equation: components, calculation

Population Distribution: Measures & Patterns

  • Population distribution: measures (density — arithmetic, physiological, agricultural)

Factors Affecting World Population Distribution

  • World population distribution patterns: factors (physical — relief, climate, water; human — economy, history, politics)

Population Growth: Measures & Rates (CBR, CDR, NIR)

  • Population growth: measures — natural growth rate, net growth rate, doubling time

World Population Growth: Prehistoric to Modern Period

  • World population growth: prehistoric, agricultural, industrial & modern phases

Doubling Time, Rate, Ratio & Proportion

  • Concepts: rate, ratio & proportion; CBR, CDR, NIR, GFR, TFR

Demographic Transition Theory: Stages I–IV

  • Demographic Transition Theory: stages I–IV; applicability to India & developing countries

Malthusian Theory: Checks & Neo-Malthusianism

  • Malthusian Theory: positive & preventive checks; neo-Malthusianism

Sadler’s Theory & Ricardo’s Theory

  • Sadler’s Theory: fecundity & population density
  • Ricardo’s Theory: law of diminishing returns & wages

Optimum Population Theory

  • Optimum Population Theory: concept, under-population & over-population

Fertility Analysis: CBR, ASFR, TFR, NRR

  • Fertility analysis: CBR, ASFR, GFR, TFR, NRR; factors affecting fertility

World Fertility Patterns & Differentials

  • World fertility patterns & trends; fertility differentials (education, urbanization, religion)

Mortality Analysis: CDR, IMR, Life Expectancy

  • Mortality analysis: CDR, ASDR, IMR, U5MR, MMR, life expectancy; factors affecting mortality

World Mortality Patterns & Epidemiological Transition

  • World mortality patterns & trends; epidemiological transition

Migration: Types, Causes & Consequences

  • Migration: types (internal — rural-urban, urban-rural, rural-rural; international — immigration, emigration)
  • Migration: voluntary vs forced; push & pull factors; consequences (economic, social, demographic)

Migration Models: Ravenstein, Lee, Gravity, Zelinsky

  • Migration models: Ravenstein’s laws, Lee’s push-pull model, gravity model, Zelinsky’s mobility transition model

Population Resource Regions

  • Population Resource Regions: concept & Zimmermann’s functional theory

Population Composition: Age Structure & Dependency Ratio

  • Population composition: Age structure — dependency ratio, population pyramid types (expansive, constrictive, stationary)

Sex Composition: Sex Ratio & Determinants

  • Sex composition: sex ratio, masculinity ratio; determinants & world patterns

Rural-Urban Composition & Occupational Structure

  • Rural-urban composition: urbanization levels, differences in fertility, mortality & migration
  • Occupational structure: primary, secondary, tertiary; worker-non-worker ratio

Educational Levels & Literacy: Gender Gaps

  • Educational levels: literacy rate, education index; gender gaps

Population Ageing: Implications & Challenges

  • Population Ageing: definition, implications for social security, health care & economy

Declining Child Sex Ratio: Causes & Policy

  • Declining Child Sex Ratio: causes, consequences & policy responses in India

HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology & Demographic Impacts

  • HIV/AIDS: epidemiology, demographic impacts, global & India-specific trends

Population Policies in Developed Countries

  • Population policies: coercive vs incentive-based; China’s one-child policy; India’s National Population Policy 2000
  • Population policies in developed countries: pro-natalist policies; immigration as policy tool

Population Policies in Developing Countries & India

No specific topics listed.

Practical: Growth Estimation, Projections, Dot Maps, Lorenz Curve, Population Pyramid

  • Practical: Population growth estimation (arithmetic, geometric, exponential); projection calculations & graphical display; dot & proportional symbol maps; Lorenz Curve construction; Population Pyramid construction & interpretation

Supplementary Topics: Population Geography

No specific topics listed.