Geography of Transport and Trade

Spatial Interaction: Ullman’s Bases & Hurst’s Model

  • Theories of spatial interaction: Ullman’s bases (complementarity, intervening opportunity, transferability)
  • M. E. Hurst’s model of transportation geography

Connectivity & Accessibility: Beta, Gamma, Alpha Indices

  • Measures of connectivity: beta index, gamma index, alpha index
  • Measures of accessibility: accessibility index, Shimbel index

Gravity Model & Its Variants

  • Gravity model: formulation, variants (Reilly’s retail gravitation, Huff model), applications

World Trade Organisation & Trade Liberalisation

  • World Trade Organisation (WTO): structure, principles (MFN, national treatment), role in trade liberalisation

Globalisation & Liberalisation: Concepts & Effects

  • Globalisation: concept, dimensions (economic, cultural, political); waves of globalisation
  • Liberalisation: trade liberalisation, structural adjustment, effects on developing countries

Problems & Prospects of Inter & Intra Regional Trade

  • Problems of inter-regional cooperation: asymmetries, trade barriers, currency issues, political conflicts
  • Prospects: regional trade agreements (RTAs), global value chains, digital trade

Practical: Agricultural Efficiency, Crop Combination, Traffic Flow, Isochrones

  • Practical: Agricultural efficiency by Kendall’s & Bhatia’s methods; crop combination region mapping (Weaver & Doi); traffic flow diagram; isochrone map; isotim & isodapane construction

Supplementary Topics: Economic Geography

No specific topics listed.